Components of Food Class 6 notes Chapter 2

 

Components of Food Class 6 notes  Chapter 2

 

Food :   

• Food is a basic need for all living Organisms. It provides  energy to the living beings.
• People in different parts of our country eat different kinds of food.
• For example: In southern part of India rice, sambhar, uttapam, etc. were eaten. Whereas   In northern part of our  coundty chapattis,  vegetables like  lady’s finger, potato, brinjal ,dal etc. were eaten. 
• Other  food items like curd, idli, dosa and meat, chicken, fish are also eaten.

Nutrients : 

• The components of food that are needed for the growth and development of our body are called nutrients.

Major nutrients in our food :

• Carbohydrate
• Proteins
• Fats
• Vitamins
• Minerals

Carbohydrates : 

• There are many types of carbohydrates. The main carbohydrates found in our diet are starch and sugars.
• Carbohydrates provides us energy in the form of glucose.
• Cereals such as wheat,  rice, sorghum, peas, beans,  sugarcane,  many fruits such as bananas, mangoes and watermelons and vegetables are good sources of carbohydrates.

Some source of carbohydrates

Test for Starch :

• Carbohydrates  are tested with the help of dilute solution of Iodine. 
• A few drops of the iodine solution are added to the sample food. 
• If the colour changes orange to blue-black, it indicates that the sample food contains Starch. 

Proteins :

• Proteins are required for  growth and repairing of our body.  
• Proteins are the bodybuilding components of food .
• Muscles, skin, nails, hairs, and blood all are made up of proteins.
• Milk, egg, yogurt ,meat, fish etc  are a rich source of protein.

Some source of Proteins

Test for Protein : 

• Protein in the food sample are tested with copper sulfate and caustic soda solutions. 
• Add the above solutions  in to the food items . 
• If the colour of the solution turns violet , it indicates that the sample food contains Proteins. 

Fats :

• Fats are high energy source for our body. 
• Fats are the reserved food material of our body.  
• Sources of fats are nuts, groundnut oil ,mustard oil ,coconut oil ,sunflower oil , meat, butter, ghee, milk, cheese, eggs.

Some source of Fats

Test for Fats :

• Fats in the food are tested by a simple paper test. 
• A little amount of sample food is wrapped in a paper and crushed. 
• If the paper gets an oily patch, it indicates the presence of fat in the food sample.

Vitamins : 

• Vitamins help in protecting our body against diseases,
• Vitamin-rich foods are called protective foods. 
• Vitamins help in keeping our eyes, bones, teeth and gums healthy. 
• Our body needs vitamins in very small amounts.

Some source of Vitamins

Different types of Vitamins : 

Vitamins	Functions	Source
Vitamin- A	Vitamin A keeps our skin and eyes healthy.	Carrot, Mango and Papaya etc
Vitamin- B	Vitamin B plays an important role in cell metabolism	Wheat, Rice
Vitamin- C	Vitamin C helps body to fight against many diseases.	Orange, Lemon, Amla, guava etc
Vitamin- D	Vitamin D helps our body to use calcium for bones and teeth.	Milk, Butter, Egg, Fish etc(Our body makes Vitamin D in the presence of sunlight. We need calcium from external source.)
Vitamin- E	Vitamin E is a powerful antioxidant, it maintains healthy skin and hair, slows down aging.	Peanuts, Almonds, Pumpkin, soybean oil etc.
Vitamin- K	An important factor in blood clotting and the building of bones.	Spinach, broccoli, cabbage, Soybean etc.

Minerals :

• Minerals are  essential for proper growth of body and to maintain good health.
• Minerals are needed by our body in small amounts.
• Important minerals required for our body are sodium, potassium, calcium, zinc, iron, phosphorus, magnesium etc.

Some source of Minerals

Fibres :

• Fibres are mainly provided by plant products in our foods.
• Whole grains and pulses, fresh fruits and vegetables are main sources of fibres.
• Fibres are also known as roughage.
• Roughage helps our body get rid of undigested food.

Balanced Diet :

• The food we eat in a day is called diet.
• A balanced diet is a diet that has all the necessary nutrients in the amount that is needed for normal body functioning.
• A balanced diet is a diet that contains all the necessary nutrients in the right amount needed for proper growth and normal body functioning.
•  A balanced  diet should also contain roughage  and water in a good amount.

Obesity :

• Fat contains more energy than carbohydrates. But eating fat regularly can cause deposition of fat in our body.
  
• Obesity is the accumulation of excess fat in our body
• Eating junk food like samosa and poori (snacks), malai, rabdi and peda (sweets), pizza, burger ,cold drinks etc leads to obesity

Junk Food leads to obesity

 Deficiency Diseases :

• Diseases that occur due to lack of nutrients or minerals over a long period are called deficiency diseases.
• These diseases can be prevented by taking a balanced diet..

Some diseases/disorders caused by deficiency of vitamins :

Vitamin	Deficiency Diseases/Disorder	Symptoms
Vitamin- A	Night blindness	Poor vision or complete loss of vision at night
Vitamin- B	Beri-beri	Weak muscle
Vitamin- C	Scurvy	Bleeding gums
Vitamin- D	Rickets	Soft and weak bone
Vitamin- E	Crohn’s disease	Pale skin and Rapid aging
Vitamin- K	Haemorrhage	Excessive bleeding with delay clotting

Some diseases/disorders caused by deficiency of minerals:

Minerals	Deficiency Diseases	Symptoms
Calcium	Bone and tooth decay	Weak bone, tooth decay
Phosphorus	Rickets, and Bad teeth	Unformed teeth, Twisted limbs
Iron	Anaemia	Weakness, decrease in the production of RBC.
Iodine	Goitre	Thyroid gland Enlarged